Narration Types of Narration Essay Sample free essay sample

Narrative is the manner writers relate events to readers. Novelists use different manner of stating their narratives: they use different characters to state the narratives ( storytellers ) and present the events from different ‘angles’ ( different points of position ) . First – individual storyteller ( the narrative is told by an ‘I’ ) . who may be the chief character in the novel or a minor character in the novel. an perceiver of events that happen to others. Third – individual storyteller In the novels written in the 3rd individual. two chief points of position are usually used: the all-knowing point of position andthe limited point of position. The all-knowing point of position means that the storyteller knows everything about the events and the characters and knows all their ideas and motivations. an intrusive storyteller – explicitly tells the reader things. noticing ob the characters. an nonsubjective storyteller – merely shows things. without noticing or explicating: he is more like the camera. We will write a custom essay sample on Narration: Types of Narration Essay Sample or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The limited point of position means that. although the storyteller tells the narrative in the 3rd. he confines himself to the feelings and feelings of one character in the novel: he presents merely one point of position of events. The consequence of this can be similar to that created by the 1st individual storyteller. Multiple storytellers and multiple points of position Very frequently writers ( particularly modern 1s ) experiment with the assorted effects produced by different storytellers and point of position. This reflects typically the 20th century concerns: the complex nature of world the diminution of belief an obstruction truthintriguing with psychological analysisa belief in the importance of single experience and sentiment. Narrator engagement in what is narrated. Either the storyteller has experienced that which he is narrating. in this instance he is homodiegetic. or he has non in the instance he is heterodiegetic. If his experience is personal. the grade of his engagement may change. Possibly. he has merely seen things from afar. or possibly he played the cardinal engagement. one can put the traditional differentiation between informant and chief character. If the homodiegetic storyteller is the supporter of the narrative he tells – he ( storyteller ) is called autodiegetic ( e. g. Pip in The Great Expectations by Dickens ) . The paradigm here is autobiographical storyteller. The storyteller who deals with things he has witnessed is called allodiegetic Narrator visibleness a covert storyteller quotes a batch. does non show himself in the 1st individual. and tries to avoid evaluate descriptions every bit much as possible. a open storyteller resorts to rephrase alternatively of citation ; he will decidedly speak about himself and hence use the 1st individual ; and he will frequently showcase his ain sentiments. Fictional characters. Method of word picture. Character – an agent in a work of art. including literature. play. film. opera. etc. Types of characters Round characters are complex and undergo development. sometimes sufficiently to surprise the reader. The supporter is the chief character in the narrative. novel. play or other literary work. the character that the reader or audience empathizes with. The adversary is the antagonist of the hero. he opposes the supporter. The well-written supporters are circular characters. They should be the most interesting. complex characters in the novel. Minor characters are level characters. They are planar in that they are comparatively simple andmake non alter throughout the class of work. |Major or cardinal characters are critical to the development and |Minor characters serve to complement the major characters and assist | |resolution of the struggle. In other words. the secret plan and declaration of|move the secret plan events frontward. | |conflict revolves around these characters. | | |Dynamic – a dynamic character is a individual who changes over clip. |Static – a inactive character is person who does non alter over clip ; | |usually as a consequence of deciding a cardinal struggle or confronting a major |his or her personality does non transform or germinate. | |crisis. Most dynamic characters tend to be cardinal instead than | | |peripheral characters. because deciding the struggle is the major | | |role of cardinal characters. | | |Round – a rounded character is anyone who has a complex personality ; |Flat – a level character is the antonym of a unit of ammunition character. This | |he or she is frequently portrayed as a conflicted and contradictory individual. |literary personality is noteworthy for one sort of personality trait or | | |characteristic | |Direct presentation ( or word picture ) – This refers to what the |Indirect presentation ( or word picture ) – This refers to what | |speaker or storyteller straight says or thinks about a character. The |the character says or does. The reader is the 1 who is obliged to | |reader is told what the character is like. |figure out what the character is like. And sometimes the reader will | |When Dickens describes Scrooge like this: â€Å"I present him to you: |get it incorrect. | |Ebenezer Scrooge†¦ . the most closefisted manus at the grindstone. | | |Scrooge! A squeeze. twisting. hold oning. grating. seizing. | | |covetous. old evildoer! † – this is really direct word picture! | | 1 Tone and Mood Tone is a literary technique that is a portion of composing. which encompasses the attitudes toward the topic and toward the audience implied in a literary work. Tone may be formal. informal. confidant. solemn. somber. playful. serious. dry. guilty. condescending. or many other possible attitudes. Tone and temper are non the same. although fluctuations of the two words may on occasions be interchangeable footings. The tone of a piece of literature is the speaker’s or narrator’s attitude towards the topic. instead than what the reader feels. as in temper. Mood is the general feeling or atmosphere that a piece of composing creates within the reader. Mood is produced most efficaciously through the usage of puting. subject. voice and tone. Basically. tone is the narrator’s feelings toward the narrative. and temper is the reader’s.

Converting Cubic Centimeters to Liters Example Problem

Converting Cubic Centimeters to Liters Example Problem This example problem demonstrates how to convert cubic centimeters to liters (cm3 to l). Cubic centimeters and liters are two metric units of volume. Cubic Centimeters To Liters Problem What is the volume in liters of a cube with sides of 25 centimeters? Solution First, find the volume of the cube.**Note** Volume of a cube (length of side)3Volume in cm3 (25 cm)3Volume in cm3 15625 cm3 Second, convert cm3 to ml1 cm3 1 mlVolume in ml Volume in cm3Volume in ml 15625 ml Third, convert ml to L1 L 1000 ml Set up the conversion to cancel out the desired unit. In this case, we want L to be the remaining unit. volume in L (volume in ml) x (1 L/1000 ml)volume in L (15625/1000) Lvolume in L 15.625 L Answer ï » ¿A cube with 25 cm sides contains 15.625 L of volume. Simple cm3 to L Conversion Example If youre lucky enough to have the original value already in cubic centimeters, conversion to liters is easy. Convert 442.5 cubic centimeters into liters. From the previous example, you should realize a cubic centimeter is the same volume as a milliliter, so: 442.5 cm3 442.5 ml From there, you just need to convert cm3 to liters. 1000 ml 1 L Finally, convert the units. The trick is to check the set-up of the conversion to make sure the ml units cancel out, leaving you with liters for the answer: volume in L (volume in ml) x (1 L/1000 ml)volume in L 442.5 ml x (1 L/1000 ml)volume in L 0.4425 L Note: Whenever a volume (or any reported value) is less than 1, always add the leading zero before the decimal point to make the answer easier to read.

General Marx's Theories Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

General Marx's Theories - Essay Example Marx gives reasons as for the need for such assessment. Value is social because it is determined by the total result of the fluctuating efforts of each individual producer; objective because it is given, upon the completion of the production of a given commodity, and becomes independent from personal or collective valuations of customers on the marketplace; it is historically relative because it is linked to each important change, progress or otherwise, of the average productivity of labor in a given segment of output, including transportation and agriculture.   This does not, however, mean that Marx’s concept of value is detached from consumption. He only distinguishes between the living labor and dead labor, like tools and raw materials. But he says values determine prices only basically and in the medium-term sense of the word. Marx respects the operation of market laws, also of a law of supply and demand, in determining the short-term fluctuations. The Communist Manifesto declares, â€Å"The bourgeoisie, wherever it has got the upper hand, has put an end to all feudal, patriarchal, idyllic relations and has left no other nexus between man and man than naked self-interest†¦Ã¢â‚¬ (Communist Manifesto) Marx does treat labor as a commodity but one can not say that his value theory is unscientific and wrong. His observation should not be read in isolation. Karl Korsch points out, â€Å"It was never the intention of Marx to descend from the general idea of value as expounded in the first volume of Capital, by means of ever closer determinants to a direct determination of the price of commodities.

Contemporary international problems Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Contemporary international problems - Essay Example These individuals that became entrenched in slavery provided the second source of slaves, namely their children. Children born in slavery were the property of their parents masters. This was especially prevalent in Americas experience with slavery in the Deep South prior to the Emancipation Proclamation. In modern times, many people that end up in slavery are not forcibly taken from their homelands. They are lured by the prospect of increased financial opportunity. Only after contracting with individuals for transportation, housing and other expenses necessary for relocation does the slave realize they have entered into servitude. A major difficulty in defining modern day slavery and in developing strategies to combat is the institutions that create the market for slaves so not see themselves as contributing to the phenomena. For example, legislators in Florida that have the ability to champion legislation that would define and combat modern day slavery are also owners or have interest in agricultural entities such as orange groves or tomato farms that directly benefit from the modern day slave trade. Other institutions not linked to the legislature claim that it is the contractors that are to blame for the slavery, not the farmers or the food processors. Internationally, the United Nations passed a resolution on trafficking in humans, especially women and children, in 2003. This is the first international law dealing with modern day slavery. The resolution passed but questions still remain about enforcement. I believe that formulating domestic and foreign policy through a gendered lens is not just helpful, but necessary. What seems most damaging is developing these policies according to an ideology that tries to explain why men present the traits and attributes that seem to be more prevalent in their populations and why women present attributes generalized to their population. Working with an

Iconography Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Iconography - Essay Example There have been divisions within the Christians over the use of icons, such as the Iconoclasts vs. the Iconodules (787 a.d.). The iconodules won their argument, over time, that icons were an integral part of the Christian tradition. Adoration of icons was not taken literally as love for the icons themselves but the meaning of them. It is said that St. Luke, the Evangelist, was the first iconographer when he painted an image of the virgin Mary on a panel, a woman he is thought to have actually known. The Byzantine Empire is known for its abundance of iconographs. The symbols used in iconography must relate to that which is apparent to people of the culture or time in which they are created. For instance, the color gold, in Eastern Orthodoxy, means the radiance of Heaven, while red is the color of martyrs (wikipedia.com 2006). Dragons are a symbol for sin and temptation. The wheel that St. Catherine was tortured on is an example of overt symbolism. In more recent times, submerged iconography was incorporated into works of art. Two examples are Jan Van Eyck's iconographic painting and Hieronymus Bosch's painting, The Garden of Earthly Delights. The differences in their iconography are striking. In Van Eyck's work, The Adoration

Outsourced Delivery Services Of Ikea

Outsourced Delivery Services Of Ikea The purpose of our thesis is to find out the factors that affecting the customers satisfaction on outsourcing. The importance of Supply Chain Management (SCM) is being a vital part of a company; however, a well SCM is not as mature as some old function like Human Relation Management, Accounting, etc. Thus, companies may outsource SCM or particular function among SCM to the 3rd party services provider. Meanwhile, the quality and effect on outsourcing would be a concern to companies. Customers make the sales, profit of a company. If the part which being outsourced may contact customers directly, is there any precaution and measurement to ensure the services provide will not be affecting during outsourcing, or how to minimize the influence to companies. Todays Supply Chain Management Many companies today are strengthening their connections with partners all along the supply chain. They no longer just treat suppliers as vendors and distributors as customers. They treat both as partners in delivering customers value. Most business nowadays are customer-oriented, e.g., Sales, CS Business, Insurance, Banking/Finance, Beauty Care/Health, etc. Background of Outsourcing In a global marketplace an increasingly huge competition forces companies striving to find strategies that give them competitive advantage over the competitors (Christopher, M., 1998). Outsourcing has been treated as one of the most important business and economic concepts for achieving competitive advantages. Outsourcing can be defined as the transfer of the production of goods or services that had been performed internally to an external party (Van Weele, A., 2005). Company can focus on their core business if the companies transfer its operations to another company to produce goods or services some 3rd party services provider. The basic reason for outsourcing is the increased trend of globalization (Enarsson, L., 2008, p.33). The reasons behind outsourcing may lower the cost on delivery, utilize local firms resources thus avoid capital investment on fixed asset for developing non core products, and to gain access technology, performance through effective partnership. Problems discussion Outsourcing, regardless a powerful economic and business strategy, does not always ensure success to the outsourcesr involved in the entire process. There are many drawbacks in outsourcing operations. It might help a company on cost saving, focus on core business; enhance capacity for innovation, wider experience and knowledge, etc. However, there are some arguments on guaranteeing quality of service, qualifications of outsourcee, standpoint of labor. Once a company determined which projects will be outsourced, they have to know why outsource and when to be carry out, how to prevent from mistakes while outsourcing. CONCEPTUAL STUDIES In this part we will explain the concept of supply chain management and outsourcing as well as their relationship from the point of view of different available and established theories and literatures. In this section our goal is to elaborate more about outsourcing in a theoretical frame. Supply Chain Management (SCM) A customer focused definition is given by Hines Supply chain strategies require a total systems view of the linkages in the chain that work together efficiently to create customer satisfaction at the end point of delivery to the consumer. As a consequence costs must be lowered throughout the chain by driving out unnecessary costs and focusing attention on adding value. Throughput efficiency must be increased, bottlenecks removed and performance measurement must focus on total systems efficiency and equitable reward distribution to those in the supply chain adding value. The supply chain system must be responsive to customer requirements. SCM describles a longer channel, stretching from raw materials to components to final products to final buyers. To implement an efficiency and effective supply chain systems take lots of time to design and manage, and so many companies nowadays decided to outsource parts of logistic function to a 3rd party services provider. Then they can allocate more resource and pay more effort on their core business. The Trend of Outsourcing There are no constrains to any functions which can be outsourced or not to be outsourced. To enhance the levels of competition, many organizations have started to consider in developing and maintaining the range of expertise and skills needed to compete effectively. This need has led many companies to engage with various kinds of sourcing; like outsourcing (Oshri, I., Kotlarsky, J., Willcocks, L.P., 2009) Definition of Outsourcing Different authors have defined the outsourcing that covers a wide scope of the concept of outsourcing. The word of outsourcing can be split as out and source which means sourcing externally. Some simple definitions of outsourcing are given as follows contracting with a third service provider for the management and completion of a certain amount of work, for a specified length of time, cost, and level of service (Oshri, I., Kotlarsky, J., Willcocks, L.P., 2009, p 4) A contract is the means by which the planning, responsibility, knowledge, and administration of processes is transferred to an external party (McCarthy Anagnostou, 2004, Blumberg, 1998) According to Franceschini, F. et al., 2003, Outsourcing is a managerial approach usually taken for delegating the responsibility to an external source for carrying out the operation of production process or services of an enterprise. In these contexts, it can be summarized that, outsourcing is an agreement between buyer and supplier(s) to avail processes or services that the buyer is providing internally at present; with an intention to reduce cost, increase focus on core business, improve quality of products and services and to ensure more flexibility. Evaluation Process for Outsourcing An organization needs to maintain an operational cycle to conduct the outsourcing operation. There are the outsourcing life cycle brought up by M.J., Desouza, K.C., Bonifazi, C. (Source: Power, M.J., Desouza, K.C., Bonifazi, C., 2006) Strategic assessment As the first stage of the outsourcing process, strategic assessment is the crucial activity in the whole life cycle of outsourcing. The organization should identifie a certain business case and assesses the potential benefit of adopting the outsourcing as a strategy. Needs analysis After completion of the strategic assessment, the next step for the organization is to define the needs and more specifically areas of the needs that are needed to be focused on. Vendor assessment Organization goes for soliciting, evaluating and choosing the vendor for its outsourcing needs. Contract and negotiation management To be engaged in negotiations (and renegotiations) until an agreement is reached about the details of outsourcing work. Project initiation and transition This is the most influential stages of the outsourcing relationship. The client organization slowly starts to hand over the control of the work to the outsourcee. Outsourcer should always pay attention to deal with emergent issues and smooth out any problems that occur. This stage marks the foundation of the continued relationship. Relationship management To keep up to date with the outsourcing relationship Continuance modification or exit strategy Organization must evaluate its current outsourcing contract to see if its best interest lies in continuing, modifying or exiting the relationship. Motives for Outsourcing Cost Efficiencies: Cost reduction has been the prime motive for outsourcing (Ford, D., et al., 1993). To develop a complete product is always expensive for a company as it needs huge investment to improve products and production process through continuous research and technology development. Outsourcing reduces the cost of the client company in this area as the service providers invest in this area to meet up the demand of the buyers in a large scale. In this way, a company can achieve the competitive advantages in the market reducing the cost through outsourcing process. Focus on Core Business: Every company has some activities that are not as essential as compared to its core business functions. By sourcing non-core business activities a company can focus on its core business in a better way. So, the efficiency of a company is likely to increase as more time and resources are focused only on the core business functions (Davis, J., 2002). In addition, there are some other driving factors that encourage the buyer company to adopt the outsourcing strategy. Such as operational expertise, enhance the capacity for innovation, capacity management where the risk in providing the excess capacity is borne by the supplier. EMPIRICAL STUDIES IKEA Hong Kongs Concept and History They offers a wide range of well-designed, functional home furnishing products at prices so low that as many people as possible will be able to afford them. This is the idea at the core of everything IKEA does, from product development and purchases to how they sell their products in retail stores. IKEA can make a good-quality product for a high price, or a poor-quality product for a low price. But to make good products at low prices, they need to develop methods that are both cost-effective and innovative. This has been the focus of IKEA since its beginnings in Smà ¥land, Sweden. Maximizing the use of raw materials and production adaptation to meet peoples needs and preferences has meant that their costs are low. The IKEA way of doing things is to pass these cost savings on to customers. Importance of Select Reliable Outsourcee Under our investigation, IKEA Hong Kong has outsourced the home delivery and assembly services to an independent contractor. Basically, with return or exchange, home delivery and assembly services would be the final stage for company to provide services to customers. From ordering to delivery, IKEA takes at least three workings, even the staff give excellent customer services at retails store, the experience in store almost fade out after placing order. As the period from waiting order delivery to complete can replace the experience in store, services provide during these period of time is essential to decide will this customer return or not. No customers, no business, no sales. Those satisfied ones turns to be a loyal customers, otherwise, unsatisfied customers will bad month our company. Word of mouth is a reference to the passing of information from person to person. The influence of word of mouth is not measurable and difficult to rebuild company image. The dimensions of reliability; responsiveness; assurance; empathy; tangibility and cost in the service quality approach can be used in identifying critical factors that may suggest some ideas on selection of logistic services provider (LSP) (Kong Mayo, 1993; Bienstock, et al., 1997). Reliability Responsiveness Assurance Transit time Service Consistency Document Accuracy Responsiveness Variety of Services Express Delivery Global coverage Updated rates Track and Trace Containerization Consolidation Reputation No Goods Damages Empathy Tangibility Cost CRM Employee Courtesy Location Modern Equipments Own CFS E-services EDI Price Discount Credit term Case Study I: Apple Computer and TNT Express (See Appendix I) Apple Computer has been outsourced its delivery services to TNT Express. There would be a list of complaint about the services of TNT Express. The complaints are regarding to package missing, long delivery time, with recomfirm to package receiver. FINDINGS Apple Computer outsourcing its delivery services to TNT, every one who place the order from Apple store knew this. Once the order is placed, there are an implication of customers are agreed to let TNT Express to take over the duty of product delivery. Unlike IKEA Hong Kong, the delivery materials of contractors like trucks, boxes are printed in IKEA logo. It is difficult for customer to identify they are not the staff of IKEA. In order to protect the image or reputation, IKEA should ensure the contractor can perform like an IKEA staff, i.e., the delivery worker should have basic product knowledge, especially for solving the enquiries during the process of services delivery. That is unreasonable to say we are contractor rather than direct staff of IKEA. Customer service is any contact between a customer and a company, which can cause a negative or positive perception by a customer during services delivery. As an outsourcer, they may state clear of relationship between outsourcer and outsourcee may reduce complaints caused by misunderstanding. The case of Apple, sometimes online checking system of TNT Express does not show the actual product delivery status. Those complainers about product delivery did focus on the services provider TNT Express instead of complaining the Apples decision making on contractor selection. Case Study II: Survey on Outsourcing of Government Activities on 2002 and 2004 (See Appendix II) The Efficiency Unit of HKSAR has been conducted a survey about outsourcing of governemt activities as at 2002 and 2004 since 2000. In this two reports, it showed, over 80% of bureaux and departments have beed outsourced at least one function to an indepentend contractor. FINDINGS According to the report on 2004, those functions which occupied the most expenditure were capital works constraction, building property management and environmental hygiene are the top three outsourced functions. By analyzing the pattern of annual expenditure, the fluctuation of transport services is the most serious among the listed functions. The ratio of reducing expenditure is the most significant as well. In 2000, the expenditure was around $1 billion and then it dropped to $0.1 billion in 2002. Unlike other services categories, transport services were doubling up the expenditure on 2004. The focus of outsourced function of IKEA Hong Kong is the delivery services, it may categorize as transport services among the government functions. Reference to the expenditure on different services categories, transport services it is did not donminated the propular function of being outsourced. Reference to the page 6 of survey on 2004, there are current satisfaction of outsourcees performance. Around half of the outsourcee full met the requirement of outsourcer. Yet there is also another half that only partially fulfill. CONCLUSION IKEA is now the worlds largest furniture retailer; they have a fixed group of partners on manufacturing, purchasing and supply functions, design and development of products in the IKEA range. For distribution they have their own logistics center Europe is located in Dortmund, Germany and Asian logistic center is located in Singapore along with its IT base. To retaining customers, they have the customer relation system of IKEA Family. IKEA perform well in Europe no matter for SCM, marketing and customer retention. In Hong Kong region, they also have a good SCM, even they outsourced parts of service to an independent services provide. Yet the seldom to hear so negative comment to those outsourced services. Furthermore, under our investigation, we found that only one contractor took over the job of delivery, assembly services. The part that would appreciate is even the delivery services are being outsourced, IKEA Hong Kong still having a backup delivery term in-house. Once there are any conflicts or under peak seasons of ordering, IKEA can take over part of the order themselves. However, it is difficult to understand why they have not launch the loyalty card in Hong Kong. To strength the loyalty of customer, which is important to understand the purchase pattern of customers, in order to give related promotion and information to encourage them repeating purchase. There are no absolute anwser for good to be outsoure or not to be.Companies should adopt a planned approach towards outsourcing taking into account the interests of employees and customers alike and come up with a balanced advance. The cycle of evaluation process for outsourcing is a good model for a company which would interest in outsourcing a/some particular function to a 3rd party services provider. For those companies which have been outsourced, a regular evaluation on before and after outsourcing is important. In todays dynamic marketplace, there are no rules can last till the end. The one who wants to be dominant of the market, they should keep track on of market trend, find out the competitive advantage and having a periodical review companys performance from time to time. APPENDICE http://discussions.apple.com/thread.jspa?threadID=2537721start=0tstart=0 APPENDICE http://www.complaintsboard.com/complaints/tnt-shipping-c41785.html APPENDICE Some links of complaint about TNT Express when taking over the order from Apple Computer. http://www.uwants.com/archiver/?tid-10549683.html (a brief survey hold by some forum members) http://www1.17t17p.com/viewthread.php?tid=452427 http://boardreader.com/thread/Apple_HK_TNT_FRUSTRATION_9udfX1jc6j.html http://discussions.info.apple.com/click.jspa?searchID=-1messageID=12054701

High Definition Television (HDTV) Essay example -- Expository Essays

High Definition Television (HDTV) High Definition Television, also known as HDTV, is a technological advancement compared to the analog television most Americans have now. High definition was a marvel that was bound to come. It seems that every time a new technology emerges, it is a must have, but is high-definition television worth buying? This is the question I have posed to myself and will try to answer. High definition started in Tokyo, Japan in 1964. It was a simple experimental research project that did not hold much weight. Once the Federal Communications Commission heard of the news, the proposed a competition to see who could come up with a higher quality television. There was no real winner for the contest, but because of the efforts of developers and the technology being pushed, high-definition television had been developed. There are three main reasons that high-definition television is not worth buying in the year 2004. 1) The Technology is Young Infancy is one word to describe the technology of high-definition and is still being worked on a deve...